Hyphenation ofконтрразведывательную

Linguistic Analysis of "контрразведывательную" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "контрразведывательную" is a complex adjective meaning "counterintelligence" (feminine, accusative singular). It's a derived word with multiple prefixes and suffixes. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

кон-тр-раз-ве-ды-ва-тель-ную

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• контр- (kontr-): Prefix of Latin origin (from contra), meaning "counter-", "against".
• раз- (raz-): Prefix of Slavic origin, indicating separation, distribution, or completion of an action.
• веды- (vedy-): Root, derived from the verb "ведать" (vedat’) – "to know", "to be aware of". Related to "knowledge" and "intelligence".
• -ва- (-va-): Interfix, common in Russian verb formation.
• -тель- (-tel’): Suffix of Slavic origin, forming agent nouns (one who performs the action).
• -ную (-nuyu): Suffix indicating feminine gender and accusative singular case.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: контрразведыва́тельную.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/kənˈtr‿rɐzʲvʲɪˈdɨvətʲɪlʲnəjə/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

• кон (kon): /kən/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No consonant clusters prevent division.
• тр (tr): /tr/ - Onset cluster. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a syllable unless they are unpronounceable.
• раз (raz): /rɐz/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel nucleus 'a' followed by consonants.
• ве (ve): /vʲɪ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel nucleus 'e' followed by consonants. Palatalization of 'v' due to following 'i'.
• ды (dy): /dɨ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel nucleus 'ы' followed by consonants.
• ва (va): /vətʲ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel nucleus 'a' followed by consonants. Palatalization of 'v' due to following 'i' in the next syllable.
• тель (tel): /tʲɪlʲ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel nucleus 'e' followed by consonants. Palatalization of 't'.
• ную (nuyu): /nəjə/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel nucleus 'у' followed by consonants. Vowel reduction of 'o' to 'ə' in unstressed position.

7. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally avoids breaking up consonant clusters unless they are exceptionally difficult to pronounce. The "тр" and "вд" clusters are common and remain intact. Vowel reduction is a significant factor in pronunciation and affects the phonetic realization of syllables.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function (e.g., if it were used as part of a noun phrase).

9. Definition & Semantics:

• контрразведывательную (kontrrazvedyvatel'nuyu)
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Definitions:
    • "Relating to counterintelligence."
    • Translation: "Counterintelligence" (feminine, accusative singular)
  • Synonyms: разведывательную (razvedyvatel'nuyu - intelligence), шпионскую (shpionskuyu - espionage)
  • Antonyms: открытую (otkrytuyu - open), явную (yavnuyu - obvious)
  • Examples: "Контрразведывательную операцию провели успешно." (The counterintelligence operation was carried out successfully.)

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllabification.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• разведчик (razvedchik) - "intelligence officer": раз-вед-чик. Similar syllable structure, demonstrating the consistent treatment of "раз-" and the formation of syllables around vowel nuclei.
• разработка (razrabotka) - "development": раз-ра-бо-тка. Shows how prefixes are separated into distinct syllables.
• интеллектуальный (intellektual'nyy) - "intellectual": ин-тел-лек-ту-аль-ный. Demonstrates the handling of consonant clusters and vowel reduction in longer words.